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Home environment assessment tools for people with disabilities can be classfied into those based on classical test theory and item response theory. This paper reviewed the content, methods, target population, reliability and validity of the two types of home environment assessment tools and summarized their advantages and disadvantages.
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Objective:To test the reliability and validity of Work-ability Support Scale (WSS) in stroke patients. Methods:WSS was translated into Chinese with the standard translation-retroversion. From December, 2018 to March, 2019, 193 middle-aged and young stroke patients from two community health service centers in Zhengzhou were conveniently selected, and investigated with Chinese WSS by two nurses. The data were analyzed with item analysis, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability and inter-rater reliability. Results:The content validity was 0.94 in WSS A and 0.90 in WSS B. Three factors were extracted from 16 items in WSS A, with cumulative variance contribution of 67.747%; while three factors were extracted from 12 items in WSS B, with cumulative variance contribution of 56.056%. Cronbach's α was 0.933 and 0.778 in WSS A and WSS B, respectively. The kappa coefficient was above 0.6 between two raters in every item, except items B8 and B10. Conclusion:Chinese WSS is satisfactory in validity and reliability for using in young and middle-aged stroke patients during their return to work.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship of swallowing experience to frailty and nutrition in old stroke inpatients. Methods:From March to July, 2019, 174 stroke inpatients aged above 60 were investigated with Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI), FRAIL Scale and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). The correlation of DHI score to scores of FRAIL Scale and MNA-SF was analyzed with Pearson correaltion analysis. Multiple regression was analyzed using the scores of dimensions and total score of DHI as dependent variables, and the scores of FRAIL Scale and MNA-SF as independent variables. Results:The inpatients aged (76.16±9.908) years. The DHI score was (50.34±28.325), in which the body score was (17.68±10.254), the function score was (20.31±11.085) and the emotion score was (12.36±9.193). The FRAIL Scale score was (3.16±1.301), and the MNA-SF score was (8.95±2.529). The DHI scores positively correlated with the FRAIL Scale score (r = 0.575, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the MNA-SF score (r = -0.544, P < 0.001). The scores of FRAIL Scale and MNA-SF explained the 34.4% of variable for body, 38.7% for function, 36.1% for emotion and 42.4% for DHI total score. Conclusion:Improving the frailty and nutrition may reduce the poor swallowing experience for old stroke inpatients.
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Objective To assess pertinent indicators of elderly-friendly city, so as to provide the basis for carrying out the related work. Methods There were 1 500 elderly people aged at and above 60 years old that were surveyed via questionnaires and structured interviews. Results The core indicators:79.8%reported that their neighborhood was convenient for walking;90.3% reported that bus, under-ground and taxi in Shanghai were suitable for all types of people ( including the physically handicapped, the blind, and the deaf);94.8%reported that there was no difficulty in the payment of housing;96.0%reported that the community had good atmosphere of respecting for the elderly; 56 .8% participated in community volunteer activities;6.7%participated in paid work;53.5%participated in social and cultural activities;99 .7% reported that they could obtain information on health and social services from the community;71.2%reported that they could obtain services for free or below market price when necessary at home.Some core indicators had obvious differences among different genders, age groups, culture, marital status, household types, income sources and income levels.Supplementary and optional indicators:98.6%thought there should be at least one item of house facilities for home-based care for the aged, while 75.6%thought there should be at least four items.26.3% reported to have participated in community team activities.55.2%reported to have participated at least one education or training project during the past one year.90.5% self-reported of good health conditions. Conclusion There is high coverage of barrier-free facility construction, good atmosphere of respecting for the elderly in the community, wide coverage of home-based care for the aged.The elderly people, to some extent, are involved in community activities and various types of training.However, there are still improvements of participation of the elderly in decision-making of local policies, and of senile transformation of the houses the elderly.At the same time, economic, social, demographical, cultural and other factors should be paid close attention to.
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This study examined the effect of Notch-1 signaling on malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells by regulating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). BCSCs were enriched by using serum-free medium and knocked out of Notch-1 by using a lentiviral vector. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the Notch-1 expression levels in breast cancer cell lines and BCSCs, and flow cytometry to detect the proportion of BCSCs in BCSC spheres. The BCSC self-renewal, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity were examined by the tumor microsphere-forming assay and transwell assay and after xenotransplantation. The results showed that the Notch-1 silencing reduced the number of BCSC spheres, the proportion of BCSCs, and the number of cells penetrating through the transwell membrane. It also decreased the size of tumors that were implanted in the nude mice. These results suggest that Notch-1 signaling is intimately linked to the behaviors of BCSCs. Blocking Notch-1 signaling can inhibit the malignant behaviors of BCSCs, which may provide a promising therapeutical approach for breast cancer.
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Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Breast Neoplasms , Genetics , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Flow Cytometry , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Metabolism , Receptor, Notch1 , Genetics , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
This study examined the effect of Notch-1 signaling on malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells by regulating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). BCSCs were enriched by using serum-free medium and knocked out of Notch-1 by using a lentiviral vector. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the Notch-1 expression levels in breast cancer cell lines and BCSCs, and flow cytometry to detect the proportion of BCSCs in BCSC spheres. The BCSC self-renewal, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity were examined by the tumor microsphere-forming assay and transwell assay and after xenotransplantation. The results showed that the Notch-1 silencing reduced the number of BCSC spheres, the proportion of BCSCs, and the number of cells penetrating through the transwell membrane. It also decreased the size of tumors that were implanted in the nude mice. These results suggest that Notch-1 signaling is intimately linked to the behaviors of BCSCs. Blocking Notch-1 signaling can inhibit the malignant behaviors of BCSCs, which may provide a promising therapeutical approach for breast cancer.